Calculating the oxidation state of nitrogen in given molecules;
Oxidation state of $$N$$ in $$N{H_3}$$ is
$$x + 3 \times \left( { + 1} \right) = 0\,\,{\text{or}}\,\,x = - 3$$
Oxidation state on $$N$$ in $$HN{O_3}$$ is
$$1 + x + 3 \times \left( { - 2} \right) = 0\,\,{\text{or}}\,\,x = + 5$$
Oxidation state of $$N$$ in $$Na{N_3}$$ is
$$ + 1 + 3x = 0\,\,{\text{or}}\,x = - \frac{1}{3}$$
Oxidation state of $$N$$ in $$M{g_3}{N_2}$$ is
$$3 \times 2 + 2x = 0\,\,{\text{or}}\,\,x = - 3$$
Thus 3 molecules ( i.e. $$N{H_3},Na{N_3}$$ and $$M{g_3}{N_2}$$ have nitrogen in negative oxidation states.
14.
Oxidation state of sulphur in anions $${S_2}O_3^{2 - },{S_2}O_4^{2 - }$$ and $${S_2}O_6^{2 - }$$ increases in the orders :
15.
The standard electrode potentials of four
elements $$A, B, C$$ and $$D$$ are –3.05, –1.66, –0.40 and +0.80. The highest chemical reactivity will be exhibited by :
Standard electrode potential i.e. reduction potential of $$A$$ is minimum $$(–3.05V)$$ i.e. its oxidation potential is maximum which implies $$'A'$$ is most reactive chemically.
16.
$$a{K_2}C{r_2}{O_7} + bKCl + c{H_2}S{O_4} \to $$ $$xCr{O_2}C{l_2} + yKHS{O_4} + z{H_2}O$$
The above equation balances when
The balanced equation is
$${K_2}C{r_2}{O_7} + 4KCl + 6{H_2}S{O_4} \to $$ $$2Cr{O_2}C{l_2} + 6{K_2}S{O_4} + 3{H_2}O$$
17.
Identify the compounds which are reduced and oxidised in the following reaction : $$3{N_2}{H_4} + 2BrO_3^ - \to $$ $$3{N_2} + 2B{r^ - } + 6{H_2}O$$
A
$${N_2}{H_4}$$ is oxidised and $$BrO_3^ - $$ is reduced.
B
$$BrO_3^ - $$ is oxidised and $${N_2}{H_4}$$ is reduced.
C
$$BrO_3^ - $$ is both reduced and oxidised.
D
$${N_2}{H_4}$$ is both reduced and oxidised.
Answer :
$${N_2}{H_4}$$ is oxidised and $$BrO_3^ - $$ is reduced.
Oxidation number of oxygen is -2 in most of its compounds. The exceptions are -1 in peroxides and $$ - \frac{1}{2}$$ in superoxides, +2 in $$O{F_2}$$ and +1 in $${O_2}{F_2}.$$
19.
Using the standard electrode potential, find out the pair between which redox reaction is not feasible. $${E^ \circ }$$ values : $$\frac{{F{e^{3 + }}}}{{F{e^{2 + }}}} = + 0.77;\frac{{{I_2}}}{{{I^ - }}} = + 0.54;$$ $$\frac{{C{u^{2 + }}}}{{Cu}} = + 0.34;\frac{{A{g^ + }}}{{Ag}} = + 0.80\,V$$