The value of rate constant of a pseudo first order reaction depends not only on temperature but also on concentration of reactant present in excess.
72.
For a first order reaction \[A\to B\] the reaction rate at reactant concentration of \[0.01\,M\] is found to be $$2.0 \times {10^{ - 5}}mol\,{L^{ - 1}}{s^{ - 1}}.$$ The half life period of the reaction is
In equation $$k = A{e^{ - \,\frac{{{E_a}}}{{RT}}}};A = $$ Frequency factor
$$k =$$ velocity constant, $$R =$$ gas constant and
$${E_a} = $$ energy of activation
74.
The number of neutrons accompanying the formation of $$_{54}^{139}Xe\,\,$$ and $$_{38}^{94}\,Sr$$ from the absorption of a slow neutron by $$_{92}^{139}U,$$ followed by nuclear fission is,
TIPS/Formulae :
The sum of mass number and atomic numbers of reactants = The sum of mass number and atomic no. of products in a nuclear reaction. The given nuclear fission reaction is
$$_{92}^{235}U + _0^1n \to _{54}^{139}Xe + _{38}^{94}Sr + 3_0^1n$$
75.
The given plots represents the variation of the concentration of a reactant R with time for two different reactions (i) and (ii) The respective orders of the reactions are :
In graph (i), In [Reactant vs time is linear with positive intercept and negative slope. Hence it is 1st order In graph (ii), [Reactant] vs time is linear with positive intercept and negative slope. Hence, it is zero order.
$$\left[ R \right] = \left[ {{R_0}} \right] - kt$$
For completion of reaction, $$\left[ R \right] = 0$$ or $$t = \frac{{\left[ {{R_0}} \right]}}{k}$$
78.
What is the activation energy for a reaction if its rate doubles when the temperature is raised from $${20^ \circ }C$$ to $${35^ \circ }C?$$
$$\left( {R = 8.314\,J\,mo{l^{ - 1}}{K^{ - 1}}} \right)$$
79.
For the reaction
$${N_2}{O_5}\left( g \right) \to 2N{O_2}\left( g \right) + \frac{1}{2}\,{O_2}\left( g \right)$$ the value of rate of disappearance of $${N_2}{O_5}$$ is given as $$6.25 \times {10^{ - 3}}\,mol\,{L^{ - 1}}{s^{ - 1}}.$$ The rate of formation of $$N{O_2}$$ and $${O_2}$$ is given respectively as :
For a zero order reaction $${t_{\frac{1}{2}}}$$ is directly proportional to the initial concentration of the reactant $${\left[ R \right]_0}$$
$$\eqalign{
& {t_{\frac{1}{2}}} \propto {\left[ R \right]_0} \cr
& {\text{For a first order reaction}} \cr
& k = \frac{{2.303}}{t}{\text{log}}\frac{{{{\left[ R \right]}_0}}}{{\left[ R \right]}} \cr
& {\text{at}}\,\,\,\,{t_{\frac{1}{2}}},\left[ R \right] = \frac{{{{\left[ R \right]}_0}}}{2} \cr
& {\text{So, the above equation becomes}} \cr
& K = \frac{{2.303}}{{{t_{\frac{1}{2}}}}}{\text{log}}\frac{{{{\left[ R \right]}_0}}}{{\frac{{{{\left[ R \right]}_0}}}{2}}} \cr
& {t_{\frac{1}{2}}} = \frac{{2.303}}{K} = {\text{log}}2 = \frac{{2.303}}{K} \times .3010 \cr
& {t_{\frac{1}{2}}} = \frac{{.693}}{K} \cr} $$
ie., half life period is independent of initial concentration of a reactant.