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Higher the electron density on $$O,$$  stronger is the $$H$$ - bond with water and thus more is the solubility. Thus solubility of the three ethers follow the order

The bond angle in $$s{p^3},s{p^2}$$  and $$sp$$  hybridization is respectively $$109.28',{120^ \circ }$$   and $${180^ \circ }.$$
Tetrachloroethene being an alkene has $$s{p^2}$$ hybridised $$C $$ - atoms and hence the $$Cl - C - Cl$$    angle is $${120^ \circ },$$  whereas in tetrachloromethane, carbon is $$s{p^3}$$ hybridised, so the angle is $${109^ \circ }.28'.$$

3, 3-Dimethylbut -1-ene

The correct order of basicity is $$RCO\overline O < CH \equiv {C^ - } < N{H_2} - < {R^ - }$$

Fluorine is most electronegative atom and exerts maximum $$-I$$  effect. Hence, $$F - C{H_2}COOH$$    is the strongest acid.

$$\eqalign{ & {\text{Hybridisation}} \cr & = \frac{{{\text{Number of }}\sigma {\text{ - }}\,{\text{electrons}}}}{2} \cr & = \frac{{2 + 2{\text{(negative ion)}}}}{2} \cr & = 2 \cr & = sp \cr} $$
Hence, in the carbanion, $$C{H_3}C \equiv {C^\Theta },$$    pair of electron as $$\left( - \right)ve$$   charge is present in $$sp$$ - hybridised - orbital.

Only those compounds exhibit optical isomerism, which have chiral centre and/or absence of symmetrical elements. ( Chiral carbon is the carbon in which all the four valencies are satisfied by four different groups. )

Thus, maleic acid does not exhibit optical isomerism.
NOTE
If $$R = H,$$  the $$\alpha $$ - amino acid is achiral.

Both are enantiomers.

Shape of transition state is as follows :