Structures (A) and (B) are quite stable because here every atom has complete octet; in structures (C) and (D), every atom does not have complete octet; hence these are less stable than (A) and (B). However, structure (D) is stabilised by resonance, which is not possible in (C). Hence (C) is least stable.
252.
A solution of $$( - ) - 1 -$$ chloro $$- 1 -$$ phenylethane in toluene
racemises slowly in the presence of a small amount of $$SbC{l_5},$$ due to the formation of :
253.
An organic compound contains $$69\% $$ carbon and $$4.8\% $$ hydrogen, the remainder being oxygen. What will be the masses of carbon dioxide and water produced when $$0.20\,g$$ of this substance is subjected to complete combustion?
$$\eqalign{
& \% \,C = \frac{{12}}{{44}} \times \frac{{{\text{ mass of }}C{O_2}\,{\text{formed }}}}{{{\text{mass of substance taken }}}} \times 100 \cr
& 69 = \frac{{12}}{{44}} \times \frac{{{\text{ Mass of }}C{O_2}\,{\text{formed }}}}{{0.2}} \times 100 \cr
& \therefore \,{\text{ Mass of }}C{O_2}\,{\text{formed }} = \frac{{69 \times 44 \times 0.2}}{{12 \times 100}} = 0.506\,g \cr
& \% \,H = \frac{2}{{18}} \times \frac{{{\text{ mass of }}{H_2}O\,{\text{formed }}}}{{{\text{ mass of substance taken }}}} \times 100 \cr
& 4.8 = \frac{2}{{18}} \times \frac{x}{{0.2}} \times 100 \cr
& x = \frac{{4.8 \times 18 \times 0.1}}{{100}} \cr
& \,\,\,\,\, = 0.086\,g \cr} $$
254.
The stability of carbanions in the following compounds,
$$\left( {\text{i}} \right)RCH = \bar CH$$
$$\left( {{\text{ii}}} \right)$$
$$\left( {{\text{iii}}} \right){R_2}C = \bar CH$$
$$\left( {{\text{iv}}} \right){R_3}C - \bar C{H_2}$$
is in the order of
Higher the no. of electron releasing groups lower will be stability of carbanion, and vice versa. So, the order of stability of carbanions is (i) > (ii) > (iii) > (iv).
The correct order regarding the electronegativity of hybrid orbitals of carbon is $$sp > s{p^2} > s{p^3}$$ because in $$sp,s{p^2}$$ and $$s{p^3}$$ hybrid orbitals, $$s$$ - orbital character is 50%, 33.3% and 25% respectively. Due to higher $$s$$ - character electron attracting tendency, i.e.
electronegativity increases.
257.
Which of the following compounds exhibits stereoisomerism?
The order of stability of free radicals
$${\left( {{C_6}{H_5}} \right)_3}\mathop C\limits^ \bullet > {\left( {{C_6}{H_5}} \right)_2}\mathop C\limits^ \bullet H > {\left( {C{H_3}} \right)_3}\mathop C\limits^ \bullet > {\left( {C{H_3}} \right)_2}\mathop C\limits^ \bullet H$$
The stabilisation of first two is due to resonance and last two is due to inductive effect.
260.
Arrangement of $${\left( {C{H_3}} \right)_3}C - ,{\left( {C{H_3}} \right)_2}CH - ,C{H_3} - C{H_2} - $$ when attached to benzyl or an unsaturated group in increasing order of inductive effect is
$$ - C{H_3}$$ group has $$ + I$$ effect, as number of $$ - C{H_3}$$ group increases, the inductive effect increases.
Therefore the correct order is $$C{H_3} - C{H_2} - < {\left( {C{H_3}} \right)_2}CH - < {\left( {C{H_3}} \right)_3}C - $$