Question

The standard sate Gibbs free energies of formation of $$C$$ (graphite) and $$C$$ (diamond) at $$T=298 K$$  are
$$\eqalign{ & {\Delta _f}{G^0}\left[ {C\left( {graphite} \right)} \right] = 0\,kJ\,mo{l^{ - 1}} \cr & {\Delta _f}{G^0}\left[ {C\left( {diamond} \right)} \right] = 2.9\,kJ\,mo{l^{ - 1}} \cr} $$
The standard state means that the pressure should be 1 bar, and substance should be pure at a given temperature. The conversion of graphite [ $$C$$ (graphite) ] to diamond [ $$C$$ (diamond) ] reduces its volume by $$2 \times {10^{ - 6}}{m^3}mo{l^{ - 1}}.$$    If $$C$$ (graphite) is converted to $$C$$ (diamond) isothermally at $$T=298K,$$  the pressure at which $$C$$ (graphite) is in equilibrium with $$C$$ (diamond), is
[ Useful information: $${1J = 1kg\,{m^2}{s^{ - 2}};}$$   $${1Pa = 1\,kg\,{m^{ - 1}}{s^{ - 2}};}$$    $${1\,bar = {{10}^5}Pa}$$    ]

A. 14501 $$bar$$  
B. 58001 $$bar$$
C. 1450 $$bar$$
D. 29001 $$bar$$
Answer :   14501 $$bar$$
Solution :
$$\eqalign{ & {C_{\left( {graphite} \right)}} \to {C_{\left( {diamond} \right)}}\,\,\left( {{\text{Isothermally}}} \right) \cr & {\Delta _r}{G^ \circ } = \Delta {G^ \circ }_{\left( {diamond} \right)} - \Delta {G^ \circ }_{\left( {graphite} \right)} \cr & = 2.9 - 0 \cr & = 2.9\,kJ\,mo{l^{ - 1}} \cr} $$
Gibbs free energy is the maximum useful work, then
$$\eqalign{ & - \Delta G = {w_{\max }} = P\Delta V \cr & - 2.9 \times {10^3} = - P \times 2 \times {10^{ - 6}} \cr & P = \frac{{2.9 \times {{10}^3}}}{{2 \times {{10}^{ - 6}}}} \cr & = 1.45 \times {10^9}Pa \cr & = 1.45 \times {10^9} \times {10^{ - 5}}bar \cr & = 1.45 \times {10^4}bar \cr & = 14500\,bar \cr} $$

Releted MCQ Question on
Physical Chemistry >> Chemical Thermodynamics

Releted Question 1

The difference between heats of reaction at constant pressure and constant volume for the reaction : $$2{C_6}{H_6}\left( l \right) + 15{O_{2\left( g \right)}} \to $$     $$12C{O_2}\left( g \right) + 6{H_2}O\left( l \right)$$     at $${25^ \circ }C$$  in $$kJ$$ is

A. $$-$$ 7.43
B. $$+$$ 3.72
C. $$-$$ 3.72
D. $$+$$ 7.43
Releted Question 2

For which change $$\Delta H \ne \Delta E\,:$$

A. $${H_{2\left( g \right)}} + {I_{2\left( g \right)}} \to 2HI\left( g \right)$$
B. $$HC{\text{l}} + NaOH \to NaC{\text{l}}$$
C. $${C_{\left( s \right)}} + {O_{{2_{\left( g \right)}}}} \to C{o_{{2_{\left( g \right)}}}}$$
D. $${N_2}\left( g \right) + 3{H_2}\left( g \right) \to 2N{H_3}\left( g \right)$$
Releted Question 3

$${\text{The}}\,\Delta H_f^0\,{\text{for}}\,C{O_2}\left( g \right),\,CO\left( g \right)\,$$     and $${H_2}O\left( g \right)$$   are $$-393.5,$$  $$-110.5$$  and $$ - 241.8\,kJ\,mo{l^{ - 1}}$$    respectively. The standard enthalpy change ( in $$kJ$$ ) for the reaction $$C{O_2}\left( g \right) + {H_2}\left( g \right) \to CO\left( g \right) + {H_2}O\left( g \right)\,{\text{is}}$$

A. 524.1
B. 41.2
C. -262.5
D. -41.2
Releted Question 4

In thermodynamics, a process is called reversible when

A. surroundings and system change into each other.
B. there is no boundary between system and surroundings.
C. the surroundings are always in equilibrium with the system.
D. the system changes into the surroundings spontaneously.

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Chemical Thermodynamics


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