Friedel-Craft’s alkylation When benzene reacts with alkyl halide in presence of anhy. $$AlC{l_3},$$ toluene is obtained. It is called Friedel-Craft's alkylation reaction. Friedel-Craft’s reaction is type of an electrophilic substitution reaction.
\[{{C}_{6}}{{H}_{6}}+C{{H}_{3}}Cl\xrightarrow{Anhy.\,AlC{{l}_{3}}}\underset{\text{Toluene}}{\mathop{{{C}_{6}}{{H}_{5}}C{{H}_{3}}}}\,+HCl\]
236.
Arrange the following carbanions in order of their decreasing stability.
$$\eqalign{
& \left( {\text{i}} \right){H_3}C - C \equiv {C^ - } \cr
& \left( {{\text{ii}}} \right)H - C \equiv {C^ - } \cr
& \left( {{\text{iii}}} \right){H_3}C - CH_2^ - \cr} $$
The order of decreasing stability of carbanions is :
$$\mathop {H - C \equiv {C^ - }}\limits_{\left( {{\text{ii}}} \right)} > \mathop {C{H_3} - C \equiv {C^ - }}\limits_{\left( {\text{i}} \right)} $$ $$ > \mathop {C{H_3} - CH_2^ - }\limits_{\left( {{\text{iii}}} \right)} $$
$$sp$$ - hybridised carbon atom is more electronegative than $$s{p^3}$$ - hybridised carbon atom and hence, can accommodate the negative charge more effectively. $$ - C{H_3}$$ group has $$+I$$ effect, therefore, it intensifies the negative charge and hence, destabilises the carbanion
237.
The major product formed in the reaction is :
Hyperconjugation → more $$\alpha \,H,$$ more reactive $$o, p$$ site.
238.
In the reaction with $$HCl,$$ an alkene reacts in accordance with the Markownikoff’s rule, to give a product $$1-chloro-1-methylcyclohexane.$$ The possible alkane is
For structure A,
For structure B,
The rearrangement of carbocation occur because $${3^ \circ }$$ - carbocation is more stable than $${2^ \circ }$$ - carbocation.
239.
The hottest region of Bunsen flame shown in the figure
below is :