Graphite is a crystalline form of carbon. It is thermodynamically more stable than diamond and its free energy of formation is $$1.9\,kJ$$ less than diamond.
65.
The stability of + 1 oxidation state increase in the sequence
The given elements belong to third group. These elements mainly exhibit + 3 and + 1 oxidation states. As we know, the stability of lower oxidation state, increases on moving down a group due to inert pair effect. Thus, the sequence of stability of + 1 state is $$Al < Ga < In < Tl$$
66.
The members of group 14 form tetrahalides of the type, \[M{{X}_{4}}.\] Which of the following halides cannot be readily hydrolysed by water?
Except carbon halides, other halides are readily hydrolysed by water. In $$CC{l_4},$$ the central atom cannot accommodate lone pair of electrons from oxygen atom of water molecule due to absence of $$d$$ - orbitals.
68.
A greenish yellow gas reacts with an alkali metal hydroxide to form a halate which can be used in fire works safety matches. The gas and halate respectively are