Question

The electrostatic energy of $$Z$$ protons uniformly distributed throughout a spherical nucleus of radius $$R$$ is given by
$$E = \frac{3}{5}\frac{{Z\left( {Z - 1} \right){e^2}}}{{4\pi {\varepsilon _0}R}}$$
The measured masses of the neutron $$_1^1H,\,_7^{15}N$$   and $$_8^{15}O$$ are $$1.008665\,u,\,1.007825\,u,\,15.000109\,u$$       and $$15.003065\,u,$$   respectively. Given that the radii of both the $$_7^{15}N$$ and $$_8^{15}O$$ nuclei are same, $$1\,u = 931.5\,Me\,V/{c^2}$$    ($$e$$ is the speed of light) and $$\frac{{{e^2}}}{{\left( {4\pi {\varepsilon _0}} \right)}} = 1.44\,MeV\,fm.$$     Assuming that the difference between the binding energies of $$_7^{15}N$$ and $$_8^{15}O$$  is purely due to the electrostatic energy, the radius of either of the nuclei is
$$\left( {1fm. = {{10}^{ - 15}}m} \right)$$

A. $$2.85\,fm$$
B. $$3.03\,fm$$
C. $$3.42\,fm$$  
D. $$3.80\,fm$$
Answer :   $$3.42\,fm$$
Solution :
Binding energy of nitrogen atom
$$ = \left[ {8 \times 1.008665 + 7 \times 1.007825 - 15.000109} \right] \times 931$$
Binding energy of oxygen atom
$$\eqalign{ & = \left[ {7 \times 1.008665 + 8 \times 1.007825 - 15.003065} \right] \times 931 \cr & \therefore {\text{Difference}} = 0.0037960 \times 931MeV\,......\left( {\text{i}} \right) \cr & {\text{Also}}\,{E_O} = \frac{3}{5} \times \frac{{8 \times 7}}{R} \times \frac{{{e^2}}}{{4\pi { \in _0}}} = \frac{3}{5} \times \frac{{56}}{R} \times 1.44MeV \cr & {E_N} = \frac{3}{5} \times \frac{{7 \times 6}}{R} \times \frac{{{e^2}}}{{4\pi { \in _0}}} = \frac{3}{5} \times \frac{{42}}{R} \times 1.44MeV \cr & \therefore {E_O} - {E_N} = \frac{3}{5} \times \frac{{14}}{R} \times 1.44MeV\,......\left( {{\text{ii}}} \right) \cr} $$
From (i) & (ii)
$$\eqalign{ & \frac{3}{5} \times \frac{{14}}{R} \times 1.44 = 0.0037960 \times 931 \cr & \therefore R = 3.42fm \cr} $$

Releted MCQ Question on
Modern Physics >> Radioactivity

Releted Question 1

An alpha particle of energy $$5\,MeV$$  is scattered through $${180^ \circ }$$ by a fixed uranium nucleus. The distance of closest approach is of the order of

A. $$1\, \mathop {\text{A}}\limits^ \circ $$
B. $${10^{ - 10}}cm$$
C. $${10^{ - 12}}cm$$
D. $${10^{ - 15}}cm$$
Releted Question 2

Beta rays emitted by a radioactive material are

A. electromagnetic radiations
B. the electrons orbiting around the nucleus
C. charged particles emitted by the nucleus
D. neutral particles
Releted Question 3

Consider $$\alpha $$ particles, $$\beta $$ particles and $$\gamma $$ - rays, each having an energy of $$0.5\,MeV.$$  In increasing order of penetrating powers, the radiations are:

A. $$\alpha ,\beta ,\gamma $$
B. $$\alpha ,\gamma ,\beta $$
C. $$\beta ,\gamma ,\alpha $$
D. $$\gamma ,\beta ,\alpha $$
Releted Question 4

A radioactive material decays by simultaneous emission of two particles with respective half-lives 1620 and 810 years. The time, in years, after which one-fourth of the material remains is

A. 1080
B. 2430
C. 3240
D. 4860

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Radioactivity


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