Question

The activity of a radioactive sample is measured as $${9750\,{\text{counts}}/\min }$$    at $$t = 0$$  and as $${975\,{\text{counts}}/\min }$$    at $$t = 5\,\min .$$   The decay constant is approximately

A. $$0.922/\min $$
B. $$0.691/\min $$
C. $$0.461/\min $$  
D. $$0.230/\min $$
Answer :   $$0.461/\min $$
Solution :
According to law of radioactivity
\[\begin{array}{l} \frac{N}{{{N_0}}} = {e^{ - \lambda t}}\,\,......\left( {\rm{i}} \right)\\ \Rightarrow \frac{{{N_0}}}{N} = {e^{\lambda t}}\,\,\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {N = {\rm{final}}\,{\rm{concentration}}}\\ {{N_0} = {\rm{initial\,concentration}}}\\ {\lambda = {\rm{decay\,constant}}} \end{array}} \right] \end{array}\]
Taking logarithm on both sides of Eq. (i), we have
$$\eqalign{ & {\log _e}\left( {\frac{{{N_0}}}{N}} \right) = {\log _e}\left( {{e^{\lambda t}}} \right) \cr & = \lambda t\,{\log _e}e = \lambda t \cr} $$
As we know that, $${\log _e}x = 2.3026\,{\log _{10}}x$$
Making substitution, we get
$$\lambda = \frac{{2.3026\,{{\log }_{10}}\left( {\frac{{9750}}{{975}}} \right)}}{5}\,\,\left[ {\because {N_0} = 9750\,{\text{counts}}/\min \,{\text{and}}\,N = 975\,{\text{counts}}/\min } \right]$$
$$ = \frac{{2.3026}}{5}{\log _{10}}10 = \frac{{2.3026}}{5}{\min ^{ - 1}} = 0.461\,{\min ^{ - 1}}$$

Releted MCQ Question on
Modern Physics >> Radioactivity

Releted Question 1

An alpha particle of energy $$5\,MeV$$  is scattered through $${180^ \circ }$$ by a fixed uranium nucleus. The distance of closest approach is of the order of

A. $$1\, \mathop {\text{A}}\limits^ \circ $$
B. $${10^{ - 10}}cm$$
C. $${10^{ - 12}}cm$$
D. $${10^{ - 15}}cm$$
Releted Question 2

Beta rays emitted by a radioactive material are

A. electromagnetic radiations
B. the electrons orbiting around the nucleus
C. charged particles emitted by the nucleus
D. neutral particles
Releted Question 3

Consider $$\alpha $$ particles, $$\beta $$ particles and $$\gamma $$ - rays, each having an energy of $$0.5\,MeV.$$  In increasing order of penetrating powers, the radiations are:

A. $$\alpha ,\beta ,\gamma $$
B. $$\alpha ,\gamma ,\beta $$
C. $$\beta ,\gamma ,\alpha $$
D. $$\gamma ,\beta ,\alpha $$
Releted Question 4

A radioactive material decays by simultaneous emission of two particles with respective half-lives 1620 and 810 years. The time, in years, after which one-fourth of the material remains is

A. 1080
B. 2430
C. 3240
D. 4860

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