121.
Consider an electron in the $$n$$th orbit of a hydrogen atom in the Bohr model. The circumference of the orbit can be expressed in terms of de-Broglie wavelength $$\lambda $$ of that electron as
The circumference of an orbit in an atom in terms of wavelength of wave associated with electron is given by
$$2\pi {r_n} = n\lambda \,\,\left[ {{r_n} = {\text{radius}}\,{\text{of}}\,{\text{any}}\,n\,{\text{orbit}}} \right]$$
122.
A diatomic molecule is made of two masses $${m_1}$$ and $${m_2}$$ which are separated by a distance $$r.$$ If we calculate its rotational energy by applying Bohr's rule of angular momentum quantization, its energy will be given by: ($$n$$ is an integer)
A
$$\frac{{{{\left( {{m_1} + {m_2}} \right)}^2}{n^2}{h^2}}}{{2m_1^2m_2^2{r^2}}}$$
B
$$\frac{{{n^2}{h^2}}}{{2\left( {{m_1} + {m_2}} \right){r^2}}}$$
C
$$\frac{{2{n^2}{h^2}}}{{\left( {{m_1} + {m_2}} \right){r^2}}}$$
D
$$\frac{{\left( {{m_1} + {m_2}} \right){n^2}{h^2}}}{{2{m_1}{m_2}{r^2}}}$$
The energy of the system of two atoms of diatomic molecule $$E = \frac{1}{2}I{\omega ^2}$$
where $$I$$ = moment of inertia
$$\omega = {\text{Angular}}\,{\text{velocity}} = \frac{L}{I},$$
$$L$$ = Angular momentum
$$I = \frac{1}{2}\left( {{m_1}r_1^2 + {m^2}r_2^2} \right)$$
Thus, $$E = \frac{1}{2}\left( {{m_1}r_1^2 + {m_2}r_2^2} \right){\omega ^2}\,......\left( {\text{i}} \right)$$
$$\eqalign{
& E = \frac{1}{2}\left( {{m_1}r_1^2 + {m_2}r_2^2} \right)\frac{{{L^2}}}{{{I^2}}} \cr
& L = n\frac{{nh}}{{2n}}\,\left( {{\text{According}}\,{\text{Bohr's}}\,{\text{Hypothesis}}} \right) \cr
& E = \frac{1}{2}\left( {{m_1}r_1^2 + {m_2}r_2^2} \right)\frac{{{L^2}}}{{{{\left( {{m_1}r_1^2 + {m_2}r_2^2} \right)}^2}}} \cr
& E = \frac{1}{2}\frac{{{L^2}}}{{\left( {{m_1}r_1^2 + {m_2}r_2^2} \right)}} = \frac{{{n^2}{h^2}}}{{8{\pi ^2}\left( {{m_1}r_1^2 + {m_2}r_2^2} \right)}} \cr
& E = \frac{{\left( {{m_1} + {m_2}} \right){n^2}{h^2}}}{{8{\pi ^2}{r^2}{m_1}{m_2}}}\left[ {\because {r_1} = \frac{{{m_2}r}}{{{m_1} + {m_2}}};{r_2} = \frac{{{m_2}r}}{{{m_1} + {m_2}}}} \right] \cr} $$
123.
Imagine an atom made up of a proton and a hypothetical particle of double the mass of the electron but having the same charge as the electron. Apply the Bohr atom model
and consider all possible transitions of this hypothetical particle to the first excited level. The longest wavelength photon that will be emitted has wavelength $$\lambda $$ (given in terms of the Rydberg constant $$R$$ for the hydrogen atom) equal to
We have to find the frequency of emitted photons. For emission of photons the transition must take place from a higher energy level to a lower energy level which are given only in options (c) and (d).
Frequency is given by
$$h\nu = - 13.6\left( {\frac{1}{{n_2^2}} - \frac{1}{{n_1^2}}} \right)$$
For transition from $$n = 6$$ to $$n = 2,$$
$${\nu _1} = \frac{{ - 13.6}}{h}\left( {\frac{1}{{{6^2}}} - \frac{1}{{{2^2}}}} \right) = \frac{2}{9} \times \left( {\frac{{13.6}}{h}} \right)$$
For transition from $$n = 2$$ to $$n = 1,$$
$$\eqalign{
& {\nu _2} = \frac{{ - 13.6}}{h}\left( {\frac{1}{{{2^2}}} - \frac{1}{{{1^2}}}} \right) = \frac{3}{4} \times \left( {\frac{{13.6}}{h}} \right) \cr
& \therefore {\nu _1} < {\nu _2} \cr} $$
125.
The radiation corresponding to $$3 \to 2$$ transition of hydrogen atom falls on a metal surface to produce photoelectrons. These electrons are made to enter a magnetic field of $$3 \times {10^{ - 4}}T.$$ If the radius of the largest circular path followed by these electrons is $$10.0\,mm,$$ the work function of the metal is close to:
Radius of circular path followed by electron is given by,
$$\eqalign{
& r = \frac{{m\upsilon }}{{qB}} = \frac{{\sqrt {2meV} }}{{eB}} = \frac{1}{B}\sqrt {\frac{{2m}}{e}V} \cr
& \Rightarrow V = \frac{{{B^2}{r^2}e}}{{2m}} = 0.8V \cr} $$
For transition between 3 to 2.
$$E = 13.6\left( {\frac{1}{4} - \frac{1}{9}} \right) = \frac{{13.6 \times 5}}{{36}} = 1.88eV$$
Work function $$ = 1.88eV - 0.8eV$$
$$ = 1.08eV \approx 1.1eV$$
126.
Suppose an electron is attracted towards the origin by a force $$\frac{k}{r}$$ where $$'k'$$ is a constant and $$'r'$$ is the distance of the electron from the origin. By applying Bohr model to this system, the radius of the $${n^{th}}$$ orbital of the electron is found to be $$'{r_n}'$$ and the kinetic energy of the electron to be $$'{T_n}'.$$ Then which of the following is true?
A
$${T_n} \propto \frac{1}{{{n^2}}},{r_n} \propto {n^2}$$
B
$${T_n}\,{\text{independent}}\,n,{r_n} \propto n$$
C
$${T_n} \propto \frac{1}{n},{r_n} \propto n$$
D
$${T_n} \propto \frac{1}{n},{r_n} \propto {n^2}$$
According to Bohr’s hypothesis, electron can revolve only in those orbits in which its angular momentum is an integral multiple of $$\frac{h}{{2\pi }},$$ where $$h$$ is Planck’s constant. In these orbits, angular momentum of electron can have magnitude as
$$\frac{h}{{2\pi }},\frac{{2h}}{{2\pi }},\frac{{3h}}{{2\pi }}......$$ etc.but never as $$\frac{{1.5\,h}}{{2\pi }},\frac{{2.5\,h}}{{2\pi }},\frac{{3.5\,h}}{{2\pi }}......$$ etc. This is called the quantisation of angular momentum.
129.
Some energy levels of a molecule are shown in the figure. The ratio of the wavelengths $$r = \frac{{{\lambda _1}}}{{{\lambda _2}}},$$ is given by
From energy level diagram, using $$\Delta E = \frac{{hc}}{\lambda }$$
For wavelength $${\lambda _1}\Delta E = - E - \left( { - 2E} \right) = \frac{{hc}}{{{\lambda _1}}}$$
$$\therefore {\lambda _1} = \frac{{hc}}{E}$$
For wavelength $${\lambda _2}\Delta E = - E - \left( { - \frac{{4E}}{3}} \right) = \frac{{hc}}{{{\lambda _2}}}$$
$$\therefore {\lambda _2} = \frac{{hc}}{{\left( {\frac{E}{3}} \right)}}\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\therefore r = \frac{{{\lambda _1}}}{{{\lambda _2}}} = \frac{1}{3}$$
130.
Energy $$E$$ of a hydrogen atom with principal quantum number $$n$$ is given by $$E = \frac{{ - 13.6}}{{{n^2}}}eV.$$ The energy of a photon ejected when the electron jumps from $$n = 3$$ state to $$n = 2$$ state of hydrogen, is approximately
Given, $${E_n} = - \frac{{13.6}}{{{n^2}}}eV$$
Energy of photon ejected when electron jumps from $$n = 3$$ to $$n = 2$$ state is given by
$$\Delta E = {E_3} - {E_2}$$
Energy of third orbit
$${E_3} = - \frac{{13.6}}{{{{\left( 3 \right)}^2}}}eV = - \frac{{13.6}}{9}eV$$
Energy of second orbit
$${E_2} = - \frac{{13.6}}{{{{\left( 2 \right)}^2}}}eV = - \frac{{13.6}}{4}eV$$
$${\text{So,}}\,\,\Delta E = {E_3} - {E_2} = - \frac{{13.6}}{9} - \left( { - \frac{{13.6}}{4}} \right)$$
$$ = 1.9\,eV$$ (approximately)