21.
Assuming the balls to be identical except for difference in colours, the number of ways in which one or more balls can be selected from 10 white, 9 green and 7 black balls is:
Number of white balls $$= 10$$
Number of green balls $$= 9$$
and Number of black balls $$= 7$$
∴ Required probability $$= (10 + 1) (9 + 1)(7 + 1) - 1 = 11 \cdot 10 \cdot 8 - 1 = 879$$
[ $$\because $$ The total number of ways of selecting one or more items from $$p$$ identical items of one kind, $$q$$ identical items of second kind; $$r$$ identical items of third kind is $$(p + 1)(q + 1 )(r + 1) - 1 ] $$
22.
Find the number of non negative solutions of the system of equations: $$a + b = 10,$$ $$a + b + c + d = 21,$$ $$a + b + c + d + e + f = 33,$$ $$a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h = 46$$ and so on till $$a + b + c + d + ..... + x + y + z = 208.$$
Consider the equation $$a + b = 10$$ number of solutions of this equation is $$^{10 + 2 - 1}{C_{2 - 1}} = 11.$$
Next equation is $$a + b + c + d = 21$$ hence $$c + d = 11$$ and number of solutions of this equation is 12.
Similarly for third equation $$a + b + c + d + e + f = 33$$ or $$e + f = 12$$ or number of solutions is 13.
Similarly for last equation $$a + b + c + d + ..... + x + y + z = 208,$$ or $$y + z = 22$$ or number of solution is 23.
Required number of ways is $$11 \times 12 \times 13 \times ..... \times 21 \times 22 \times 23 = \frac{{23!}}{{10!}} = {\,^{23}}{P_{13}}.$$
23.
Let $$E = \left( {2n + 1} \right)\left( {2n + 3} \right)\left( {2n + 5} \right).....\left( {4n - 3} \right)\left( {4n - 1} \right);n > 1$$ then $$2^n E$$ is divisible by
24.
A committee of 4 persons is to be formed from 2 ladies, 2 old men and 4 young men such that it includes at least 1 lady, at least 1 old man and at most 2 young men. Then the total number of ways in which this committee can be formed is :
$$\eqalign{
& 240 = {2^4} \times 3 \times 5 \cr
& 4n + 2 = 2\left( {2n + 1} \right) = 2 \times \,{\text{odd}} \cr} $$
∴ the required number of divisors
= the number of selections of one 2 from four $$2’s,$$ any number of $$3’s$$ from one 3 and any number of $$5’s$$ from one 5.
$$ = 1 \times 2 \times 2 = 4.$$
26.
Let $$A$$ = {$$x|x$$ is a prime number and $$x < 30$$ }. The number of different rational numbers whose numerator and denominator belong to $$A$$ is
$$A$$ = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29}. A rational number is made by taking
any two in any order.
∴ the required number of rational numbers $$ = {\,^{10}}{P_2} + 1$$ (including 1).
27.
There are 10 points in a plane of which no three points are collinear and 4 points are concyclic. The number of different circles that can be drawn through at least 3 points of these points is
The number of circles $$ = \left( {^{10}{C_3} - {\,^4}{C_3}} \right) + 1.$$
28.
In how many ways vertices of a square can be coloured with 4 distinct colour if rotations are considered to be equivalent, but reflections are distinct ?
Here in this case condition is similar to formation of necklace i.e.,
$$\left( {n,k} \right) = \frac{1}{n}\sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {{k^{\gcd \left( {n,i} \right)}}} $$
We can use this formula or from the table (you shouldn’t memorize it) required number of ways is 70.
29.
If $$n = {2^{p - 1}}\left( {{2^p} - 1} \right),$$ where $${{2^p} - 1}$$ is a prime, then the sum of the divisors of $$n$$ is equal to
If $$N = {p_1}^{{\alpha _1}}{p_2}^{{\alpha _2}}$$ then the sum of the divisors
of $$N$$ is
$$\left( {\frac{{{p_1}^{{\alpha _1} + 1} - 1}}{{{p_1} - 1}}} \right)\left( {\frac{{{p_2}^{{\alpha _2} + 1} - 1}}{{{p_2} - 1}}} \right)$$
30.
The number of ways of distributing 8 identical balls in 3 distinct boxes so that none of the boxes is empty is