Question

Half-lives of two radioactive substances $$A$$ and $$B$$ are respectively $$20\,min$$  and $$40\,min.$$  Initially, the samples of $$A$$ and $$B$$ have equal number of nuclei. After $$80\,min$$  the ratio of remaining number of $$A$$ and $$B$$ nuclei is

A. $$1:16$$
B. $$4:1$$
C. $$1:4$$  
D. $$1:1$$
Answer :   $$1:4$$
Solution :
Total time given $$= {80\,\min }$$
Number of half-lives of $$A,$$ $${n_A} = \frac{{80\,\min }}{{20\;\,\min }} = 4$$
Number of half-lives of $$B,$$ $${n_B} = \frac{{80\,\min }}{{40\;\,\min }} = 2$$
Number of nuclei remained undecayed $$N = {N_0}{\left( {\frac{1}{2}} \right)^n}$$
where $${N_0}$$ is initial number of nuclei and $$N$$ is final number of nuclei
So for two different cases $$\left( A \right)$$  and $$\left( B \right),$$
$$\eqalign{ & \frac{{{N_A}}}{{{N_B}}} = \frac{{{{\left( {\frac{1}{2}} \right)}^{{n_A}}}}}{{{{\left( {\frac{1}{2}} \right)}^{{n_B}}}}}\,\,{\text{or}}\,\,\frac{{{N_A}}}{{{N_B}}} = \frac{{{{\left( {\frac{1}{2}} \right)}^4}}}{{{{\left( {\frac{1}{2}} \right)}^2}}} = \frac{{\left( {\frac{1}{{16}}} \right)}}{{\left( {\frac{1}{4}} \right)}} \cr & {\text{or}}\,\,\frac{{{N_A}}}{{{N_B}}} = \frac{1}{4} \cr} $$

Releted MCQ Question on
Modern Physics >> Radioactivity

Releted Question 1

An alpha particle of energy $$5\,MeV$$  is scattered through $${180^ \circ }$$ by a fixed uranium nucleus. The distance of closest approach is of the order of

A. $$1\, \mathop {\text{A}}\limits^ \circ $$
B. $${10^{ - 10}}cm$$
C. $${10^{ - 12}}cm$$
D. $${10^{ - 15}}cm$$
Releted Question 2

Beta rays emitted by a radioactive material are

A. electromagnetic radiations
B. the electrons orbiting around the nucleus
C. charged particles emitted by the nucleus
D. neutral particles
Releted Question 3

Consider $$\alpha $$ particles, $$\beta $$ particles and $$\gamma $$ - rays, each having an energy of $$0.5\,MeV.$$  In increasing order of penetrating powers, the radiations are:

A. $$\alpha ,\beta ,\gamma $$
B. $$\alpha ,\gamma ,\beta $$
C. $$\beta ,\gamma ,\alpha $$
D. $$\gamma ,\beta ,\alpha $$
Releted Question 4

A radioactive material decays by simultaneous emission of two particles with respective half-lives 1620 and 810 years. The time, in years, after which one-fourth of the material remains is

A. 1080
B. 2430
C. 3240
D. 4860

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Radioactivity


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