41.
The type of isomerism shown by the following compounds is
$$C{H_3}C{H_2}C{H_2}C{H_2}C{H_3},$$ \[C{{H}_{3}}-\overset{\begin{smallmatrix}
\,\,C{{H}_{3}} \\
|\,\,\,\,
\end{smallmatrix}}{\mathop{CH}}\,-C{{H}_{2}}C{{H}_{3}},\] \[C{{H}_{3}}\underset{\begin{smallmatrix}
| \\
\,\,\,\,C{{H}_{3}}
\end{smallmatrix}}{\overset{\begin{smallmatrix}
\,\,\,\,\,C{{H}_{3}} \\
|
\end{smallmatrix}}{\mathop{-C-}}}\,C{{H}_{3}}\]
Stereoisomers which are mirror image of each other are enantiomers and the one which are not mirror images are diasteromers. Conformation of the molecule is the spatial arrangement of the atoms of a given molecular structure that are obtained merely by rotation about a sigma bond in the molecule.
45.
The correct decreasing order of priority for the functional groups of organic compounds in the IUPAC system of nomenclature is
The correct order of priority for the given functional
group is
46.
The electrophile, $${E^ \oplus }$$ attacks the benzene ring to generate the intermediate $$\sigma - $$ complex. Of the following, which $$\sigma - $$ complex is lowest energy ?
In option (B) the complex formed is with benzene where as in other cases it is formed with nitrobenzene with - $$N{O_2}$$ group in different position $$\left( {o - ,m - ,p - } \right).$$ The complex formed with nitrobenzene in any position of $$ - N{O_2}$$ group is less stable than the complex formed with benzene so the correct answer is (B)
NOTE : The most stable complex has lowest energy.
TIPS/Formulae :
For knowing the possible isomers of the compound follow the following points.
(i) First write down the possible number of isomeric parent alkane.
(ii) Introduce the given functional group at different positions so as to get different isomeric compound.
There are 5 isomers possible for $${C_6}{H_{14}}.$$
48.
The alkene that exhibits geometrical isomerism is :
NOTE: Among isomeric alkanes, the straight chain isomer has higher boiling point than the branched chain isomer. The greater the branching of the chain,
the lower is the boiling point. Further due to the presence of $$\pi $$ electrons, these moleculs are slightly polar and hence have higher boiling points than the corrosponding alkanes.
Thus B.pt. follows the order alkynes > alkene > alkanes (straight chain) > branched chain alkanes.
50.
Which of the following pairs of compounds are positional isomers ?