When phenol is heated with chloroform $$\left( {CHC{l_3}} \right)$$ and alcoholic $$KOH,$$ salicylaldehyde is formed. This reaction is known as Reimer-Tiemann reaction.
112.
The end product of the following sequence of reactions \[OH\xrightarrow[{{H}_{2}}O]{{{K}_{2}}C{{r}_{2}}{{O}_{7}},{{H}_{2}}S{{O}_{4}}}\] \[\xrightarrow[{{H}^{+}}\text{(Cat )}]{C{{H}_{3}}OH\text{(excess )}}\,\,\,\xrightarrow[\left( \text{ii} \right)\,{{H}_{3}}{{O}^{+}}]{\left( \text{i} \right)\,2C{{H}_{3}}MgBr}\]
The reaction of alkyl halides with sodium alkoxide or sodium phenoxide to form ethers is called Williamson synthesis. Here, in this reaction alkyl halide should be primary and alkoxide, should be bulkier as shown below,
\[\underset{\begin{smallmatrix}
\text{Alkyl} \\
\text{halide}
\end{smallmatrix}}{\mathop{R}}\,-X+\underset{\text{Sodiumalkoxide}}{\mathop{R'-ONa}}\,\to \underset{\text{Ether}}{\mathop{R-O-R'}}\,+NaX\]
119.
Which of the following compounds is oxidised to prepare methyl ethyl ketone?
TIPS/Formulae :
Secondary alcohols oxidise to produce kenone.
\[\underset{\text{2-Butanol}}{\mathop{C{{H}_{3}}CHOHC{{H}_{2}}C{{H}_{3}}}}\,\xrightarrow{\left( O \right)}\underset{\text{Ethyl methyl ketone}}{\mathop{C{{H}_{3}}COC{{H}_{2}}C{{H}_{3}}}}\,\]
120.
The major product $$P$$ in the following reaction is \[{{\left( C{{H}_{3}} \right)}_{3}}COH+{{C}_{2}}{{H}_{5}}OH\xrightarrow{{{H}^{+}}}P\]
A
$${\left( {C{H_3}} \right)_3}COC{\left( {C{H_3}} \right)_3}$$
$$tert$$ - Butyl alcohol is preferentially protonated because its corresponding carbocation is highly stable than that of $${C_2}{H_5}OH$$
\[\begin{align}
& {{\left( C{{H}_{3}} \right)}_{3}}COH\xrightarrow{{{H}^{+}}}{{\left( C{{H}_{3}} \right)}_{3}}C\overset{+}{\mathop{O}}\,{{H}_{2}}\xrightarrow{-{{H}_{2}}O}\underset{\text{Stable}}{\mathop{{{\left( C{{H}_{3}} \right)}_{3}}}}\,\overset{+}{\mathop{C}}\,\xrightarrow{C{{H}_{3}}C{{H}_{2}}\underset{\scriptscriptstyle\centerdot\centerdot}{\ddot{O}}H} \\
& {{\left( C{{H}_{3}} \right)}_{3}}C\overset{{}}{\mathop{\overset{H}{\mathop{{{O}^{+}}}}\,C{{H}_{2}}C{{H}_{3}}\xrightarrow{-{{H}^{+}}}{{\left( C{{H}_{3}} \right)}_{3}}COC{{H}_{2}}C{{H}_{3}}}}\, \\
& C{{H}_{3}}C{{H}_{2}}OH \\
\end{align}\]
The $$tert$$ - butyl cation is preferentially attacked by \[C{{H}_{3}}C{{H}_{2}}OH\] rather than bulky \[{{\left( C{{H}_{3}} \right)}_{3}}COH\]