$${\text{Ionic}}\,{\text{radii}} \propto \frac{1}{{{Z_{eff}}}}$$
$${Z_{eff}} \to $$ effective nuclear charge
This $${{Z_{eff}}}$$ is calculated as follows :
$${Z_{eff}} = Z - $$ screening constant $$\left( \sigma \right)$$
This value of screening constant is based upon the number of electrons in valence shell as well as in penultimate shells.
72.
The correct order of the decreasing ionic radii among the following isoelectronic species is
Key Idea Ionic radii $$ \propto $$ charge on anion $$ \propto \frac{1}{{{\text{charge}}\,{\text{on}}\,{\text{cation}}}}$$
During the formation of a cation, the electrons are lost from the outer shell and the remaining electrons experience a great force of attraction by the nucleus, ie. attracted more towards the nucleus. In other words, nucleus hold the remaining electrons more tightly and this results in decreased radii.
However, in case of anion formation, the addition of electron(s) takes place in the same outer shell, thus the hold of nucleus on the electrons of outer shell decreases and this results in increased ionic radii.
Thus, the correct order of ionic radii is $${S^{2 - }} > C{l^ - } > {K^ + } > C{a^{2 + }}$$
73.
Which pair of elements belongs to same group ?
76.
What were the main demerits of Mendeleev's periodic table?
(i) Hydrogen has been placed in group I though it resembles to group VII as well.
(ii) Position of some elements was not justified.
(iii) Isotopes were not given separate places.
(iv) Lanthanides and actinides were not included in the table.
In the periodic table the atomic size first decreases from left to right in period, so the atomic volume first decreases and then increases because atomic size in last of any period increases.
78.
The correct sequence which shows decreasing order of the ionic radii of the elements is
All the given species contains $$10\,\,\,{e^ - }$$ each i.e.
isoelectronic.
For isoelectronic species anion having high negative charge is largest in size and the cation having high positive charge is smallest.
79.
Atomic radii of fluorine and neon in $$\mathop {\text{A}}\limits^ \circ $$ngstorm units are respectively given by
TIPS/Formulae:
(i) Noble gases do not have covalent radii. They have only vander waal’s radii.
(ii) Covalent radii is always larger than corresponding van-der Waal’s radii.
Atomic radius of neon being van der Waal’s radius is
larger than that of fluorine which is in fact is its covalent radius
80.
Meitnerium is IUPAC official name of an element with atomic number