11. Of the total incident solar radiation the proportion of PAR is :

A about 70%
B about 60%
C less than 50%
D more than 80%
Answer :   less than 50%
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12. The upright pyramid of number is absent in

A Pond
B Forest
C Lake
D Grassland
Answer :   Forest
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13. The primary succession refers to the development of communities on a

A fleshly cleared crop field
B forest clearing after devastating fire
C pond, freshly filled with water after a dry phase
D newly-exposed habitat with no record of earlier vegetation
Answer :   newly-exposed habitat with no record of earlier vegetation
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14. Which one of the following is not a gaseous biogeochemical cycle in ecosystem ?

A Sulphur cycle
B Phosphorus cycle
C Nitrogen cycle
D Carbon cycle
Answer :   Phosphorus cycle
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15. Bulk $$CO_2$$ fixation occurs in

A Crop plants
B Oceans
C Tropical rain forests
D Temperature forests
Answer :   Oceans
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16. Pheretima and its close relatives derive nourishment from :

A sugarcane roots
B decaying fallen leaves and soil organic matter
C soil insects
D small pieces of fresh fallen leaves of maize, etc
Answer :   decaying fallen leaves and soil organic matter
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17. The correct sequence of plants in a hydrosere is:

A Volvox → Hydrilla → Pistia → Scirpus Lantana → Oak
B Pistia → Volvox → Scirpus → Hydrilla → Oak → Lantana
C Oak → Lantana → Volvox → Hydrilla → Pistia → Scirpus
D Oak → Lantana → Scirpus → Pistia → Hydrilla → Volvox
Answer :   Volvox → Hydrilla → Pistia → Scirpus Lantana → Oak
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18. Most animals that live in deep oceanic waters are:

A secondary consumers
B tertiary consumers
C detritivores
D primary consumers
Answer :   detritivores
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19. Study of inter-relationships between organisms and their environment is

A ecology
B ecosystem
C phytogeography
D ethology
Answer :   ecology
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20. Which of the following does not have stomata?

A hydrophytes
B mesophytes
C xerophytes
D submerged hydrophytes
Answer :   submerged hydrophytes
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