Question

A radioactive nucleus $$A$$ with a half life $$T,$$ decays into a nucleus $$B.$$ At $$t = 0,$$  there is no nucleus $$B.$$ At sometime $$t,$$ the ratio of the number of $$B$$ to that of $$A$$ is $$0.3.$$ Then, $$t$$ is given by

A. $$t = T\log \left( {1.3} \right)$$
B. $$t = \frac{T}{{\log \left( {1.3} \right)}}$$
C. $$t = T\frac{{\log 2}}{{\log 1.3}}$$
D. $$t = \frac{{\log 1.3}}{{\log 2}}T$$  
Answer :   $$t = \frac{{\log 1.3}}{{\log 2}}T$$
Solution :
Let initially there are total $${N_0}$$ number of nuclei
At time $$t$$ $$\frac{{{N_B}}}{{{N_A}}} = 0.3\left( {{\text{given}}} \right)$$
$$\eqalign{ & \Rightarrow {N_B} = 0.3\,{N_A} \cr & {N_0} = {N_A} + {N_B} = {N_A} + 0.3\,{N_A} \cr & \therefore {N_A} = \frac{{{N_0}}}{{1.3}} \cr} $$
As we know $${N_t} = {N_0}{e^{ - \lambda t}}$$
$$\eqalign{ & {\text{or,}}\,\,\frac{{{N_0}}}{{1.3}} = {N_0}{e^{ - \lambda t}} \cr & \frac{1}{{1.3}} = {e^{ - \lambda t}} \cr & \Rightarrow \ln \left( {1.3} \right) = \lambda t \cr & {\text{or,}}\,\,t = \frac{{\ln \left( {1.3} \right)}}{\lambda } \cr & \Rightarrow t = \frac{{\ln \left( {1.3} \right)}}{{\frac{{\ln \left( 2 \right)}}{T}}} = \frac{{\ln \left( {1.3} \right)}}{{\ln \left( 2 \right)}}T \cr} $$

Releted MCQ Question on
Modern Physics >> Radioactivity

Releted Question 1

An alpha particle of energy $$5\,MeV$$  is scattered through $${180^ \circ }$$ by a fixed uranium nucleus. The distance of closest approach is of the order of

A. $$1\, \mathop {\text{A}}\limits^ \circ $$
B. $${10^{ - 10}}cm$$
C. $${10^{ - 12}}cm$$
D. $${10^{ - 15}}cm$$
Releted Question 2

Beta rays emitted by a radioactive material are

A. electromagnetic radiations
B. the electrons orbiting around the nucleus
C. charged particles emitted by the nucleus
D. neutral particles
Releted Question 3

Consider $$\alpha $$ particles, $$\beta $$ particles and $$\gamma $$ - rays, each having an energy of $$0.5\,MeV.$$  In increasing order of penetrating powers, the radiations are:

A. $$\alpha ,\beta ,\gamma $$
B. $$\alpha ,\gamma ,\beta $$
C. $$\beta ,\gamma ,\alpha $$
D. $$\gamma ,\beta ,\alpha $$
Releted Question 4

A radioactive material decays by simultaneous emission of two particles with respective half-lives 1620 and 810 years. The time, in years, after which one-fourth of the material remains is

A. 1080
B. 2430
C. 3240
D. 4860

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Radioactivity


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